Wallace Laboratories
365 Coral Circle
El Segundo, CA 90245
Telephone (310) 615-0116 Fax (310) 640-6863
Deutrel Industries
155 West Avenue J-5
Lancaster, California 93534
We tested a sodic, saline clay from the Old Ranch Country Club in Seal Beach, Orange County, California with OPEN ALL®. The soil has a pH of 8.00 and an ECe of 3.13 millmho/cm @25 degrees C.
The soils was dried, sieved through a 2mm screen and placed into columns per the technique described in method 34b of the Agricultural Handbook No. 60 of the US Department of Agriculture. The soils were irrigated with deionized water and then dried in order to form a crust and compact the soils.
The treatments were:
1. OPEN ALL® applied at the equivalent rate of 1 gallon per 1,000 square feet. The OPEN ALL® was diluted with water at the equivalent rate of 20 gallons.
2. OPEN ALL® applied at the equivalent rate of 1 gallon per 5-foot by 5-foot as per the instructions for the preparation of planting pits. The OPEN ALL® was diluted with water at the equivalent rate of 20 gallons.
3. A control.
After the OPEN ALL® was applied, the soil in the columns was dried and then leached with 8 inches of water. The water was pH 7.84, ECw 0.517, SAR 1.62, calcium 25.8 ppm, magnesium 11.5 ppm, and sodium 55.6 ppm. The treatment were tested in triplicate. The statistical anova data were calculated with Systat version 5.0.
Results
The hydraulic conductivity after eight inches of applied water was 5.2 times higher with OPEN ALL® applied in treatment 2 than in the control. Treatment 1 was not different from the control.
| |
Hydraulic Conductivity inches per hour |
| |
mean |
standard deviation |
| OPEN ALL® 1 gallon per 1,000 sq. ft. |
0.038 |
0.006 |
| OPEN ALL®1 gallon per 5 ft. by 5 ft. |
0.197 |
0.080 |
| Control |
0.038 |
0.005 |
The increase in hydraulic conductivity is statistically valid with treatment 2. The probability is 0.013 for the Tukey HSD multiple comparisons and 0.035 for the T-Test comparison.
| |
Electroconductivity millimho/cm @25° C. |
| |
mean |
standard deviation |
| OPEN ALL® 1 gallon per 1,000 sq. ft. |
0.642 |
0.017 |
| OPEN ALL®1 gallon per 5 ft. by 5 ft. |
0.667 |
0.017 |
| Control |
0.592 |
0.047 |
| Untreated Soil |
3.13 |
0.181 |
Both OPEN ALL®treatments and the control are significantly different from the untreated soil. The Tukey HSD multiple comparisons probability is less than 0.001 for all three.
| |
pH |
| |
mean |
standard deviation |
| OPEN ALL® 1 gallon per 1,000 sq. ft. |
8.150 |
0.030 |
| OPEN ALL®1 gallon per 5 ft. by 5 ft. |
7.817 |
0.065 |
| Control |
8.347 |
0.155 |
| Untreated Soil |
8.003 |
0.050 |
OPEN ALL® treatment at the 1 gallon per 5 ft. by 5 ft. tare and the control are significantly different. The Tukey HSD multiple comparisons probability is 0.001. The T-Test probability is 0.048 for this.
Conclusion
OPEN ALL® applied per the transplant instructions statistically increased water percolation and normalized the soil pH. Water alone increased the soil pH.
OPEN ALL® applied both for the ground cover area and for the transplant instructions reduced soil salinity as did the control of water alone.
Other benefits
The soils from this study has been saved. The following could be tested for:
Reduction in sodium exchange percentage (sodium reduction)
Unlocked iron
Unlocked fertility
Boron reduction
Other studies could be conducted on the effect of OPEN ALL® on water use requirements.
Sincerely,
Garn A. Wallace, Ph. D.
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